What’s New in Essentials of Oceanography, 9th Edition?
Publication Date: February 2007; © 2008
A. P. Trujillo
Major improvements to Essentials of Oceanography, 9th Edition include:
 | The "Key Questions" at the beginning of each chapter are tied directly to the highlighted "Concept Statements" imbedded within the text and serve to focus attention on key concepts |
| Icons in the text that link to a suite of new geoscience animations, which are state-of-the-art computer animations that have been created by Al Trujillo and a panel of geoscience educators to help students visualize some of the most challenging oceanographic concepts |
| New geoscience animations that have been specifically designed for this edition are: |
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Formation of Seamounts/Tablemounts and Stages of Coral Reef Development |
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How Calcareous Ooze Can Be Found Beneath the Calcite Compensation Depth (CCD) |
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Ekman Spiral and Coastal Upwelling/Downwelling |
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Interference Patterns in Waves |
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The Deep Scattering Layer (DSL) |
| Updating of information throughout the text to include some of the most recent developments in oceanography such as the recent Indian Ocean tsunamis and Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma |
| Feature boxes—several of them new—are organized around the following three themes: |
: these boxes focus on historical developments in oceanography that tie into chapter topics
- Historical Features
Research Methods in Oceanography : these boxes highlight how oceanographic knowledge is obtainedOceans and People : these boxes illustrate the interaction of humans and the ocean environment
| Addition of several new tables that better organize and summarize important data |
| Addition of an extensive array of updated photos and illustrations to improve the illustration package and make the figures more consistent throughout |
| Expanded end-of-chapter "Review Exercises" and "Critical Thinking Questions" sections to help students test their knowledge |
| All text in the chapters has been thoroughly reviewed and edited in a continued effort to refine the style and clarity of the writing |
Specific chapter-by-chapter changes in Essentials of Oceanography, 9th Edition:
Chapter 1: Introduction to Planet "Earth"
| The origin of life on Earth has been updated based on the latest research findings |
| Inclusion of new information about the status of Pluto as a dwarf planet |
| Information about the Protoearth has been updated |
| Information about the composition of Earth’s atmosphere has been updated, including a new graph of Earth’s oxygen through time |
| The geologic timescale has been updated, including the new Ediacaran Period of the Precambrian |
Chapter 2: Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor
| The Indian Plate and the Australian Plate have been delineated in all figures based on findings that they are 2 separate plates |
| Addition of a new box on the NEPTUNE project, which features the establishment of a sea floor observatory on the Juan de Fuca plate |
| Updated information on mantle plumes and hotspots |
| The section on paleoceanography has been expanded and moved to Chapter 4 |
Chapter 3: Marine Provinces
| Addition of a new box on the 2005 crash of the submarine USS San Francisco, which ran into an uncharted seamount |
| The table on recent oceanographic satellite missions has been updated |
| Additional information on continental borderlands, submarine canyons, turbidite deposits, and hydrothermal vents |
Chapter 4: Marine Sediments
| The section on paleoceanography has been expanded and moved from Chapter 2 |
| A new section and map illustrating the worldwide thickness of marine sediments |
| The section on sediment maturity has been eliminated |
| Addition of details about the Calcite Compensation Depth (CCD) and its affect on the distribution of calcite |
Chapter 5: Water and Seawater
| Addition of a new table listing the heat capacity of some common substances |
| An improved image of the pH scale showing the pH of common substances |
| A new section on the recent increase of ocean acidity accompanied by a new graph showing historical and projected pH and dissolved carbon dioxide |
Chapter 6: Air–Sea Interaction
| Inclusion of a new box on the record-breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, featuring information about hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma |
| The section on the greenhouse effect has been updated, including new graphs |
| Addition of information about Arctic sea ice decline, including new before and after images |
| Addition of a new section on wind power including information about offshore wind farms |
Chapter 7: Ocean Circulation
| Addition of a new section within measuring ocean currents about the Argo float program |
| Reorganization of the discussion of ocean current patterns in each ocean basin |
| Expanded coverage of the Indian Ocean monsoons |
| Addition of a new section on power from currents |
Chapter 8: Waves and Water Dynamics
| Addition of a new section and box featuring the two recent Indian Ocean tsunami, one of which occurred on December 26, 2004 (300,000 deaths), and the other that occurred on July 17, 2006 (300 deaths) |
| Inclusion of information about the DART tsunami warning system |
| Additional information about wave refraction and reflection, including new images |
Chapter 9: Tides
| Improved description of the Earth–Moon barycenter |
| Addition of a new image showing tidal bore surfing |
| Inclusion of updated information about generation of tidal power |
Chapter 10: The Coast: Beaches and Shoreline Processes
| Addition of a new SSA clarifying why the longshore current moves southward along the East Coast of the U.S. |
| Inclusion of updated information about sea level rise |
| Inclusion of a new figure showing sea level rise measured by satellite altimetry |
Chapter 11: The Coastal Ocean
| Addition of new information about how coastal wetlands protect coastlines from tsunami |
| Addition of new satellite images showing coastal wetland loss in Louisiana |
| Inclusion of updated information about plastics in the ocean |
Chapter 12: Marine Life and the Marine Environment
| Addition of a new section with a working definition of life |
| Inclusion of updated information on the tree of life, including a new figure |
| The section on bioluminescence in marine organisms has been moved to Chapter 14 |
Chapter 13: Biological Productivity and Energy Transfer
| Addition of a new section on nutrients that limit productivity, including the Redfield ratio |
| Inclusion of updated information on photosynthetic bacteria |
| Expanded coverage about marine fisheries |
Chapter 14: Animals of the Pelagic Environment
| The section on bioluminescence in marine organisms has been moved from Chapter 12 |
| The section "How are Marine Organisms Able to Stay Above the Ocean Floor?" has been reorganized |
| Addition of 2 new "Students Sometimes Ask…" questions about (1) military sonar causing recent whale strandings and (2) whale copulation |
Chapter 15: Animals of the Benthic Environment
| Addition of a new section on the worldwide decline of coral reefs |
| Addition of new "Students Sometimes Ask…" question about deep-water coral |
| Expanded coverage on microbes in the deep biosphere |
Appendixes
| Inclusion of new information in Appendix V "Careers in
Oceanography" about one of Al Trujillo’s former students, Joseph
Fell-McDonald, ranger for the State of Hawaii's Department of Land and
Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Natural Area Reserve
System, Maui, Hawaii
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