ZOO 200
NERVOUS SYSTEM LAB OBJECTIVES
Sheep Brain Dissection
o
Dura mater and arachnoid membrane
o
Cerebral hemispheres (which comprise the cerebrum)
o
Cerebellum
o
Longitudinal fissure
o
Corpus callosum
o
Fornix
o
Gyri and sulci (singular: gyrus and sulcus)
o
Midbrain (mesencephalon) which includes the corpora quadrigemina (AKA the
superior and inferior colliculi), cerebral peduncles.
o
Olfactory bulbs and olfactory tracts
o
Diencephalon, which includes the hypothalamus, pituitary gland (hypophysis),
infundibulum,, mammillary bodies,
the thalamus (which can only be seen in a sagittal section), and pineal gland
o
Optic chiasm (crossing point of the optic nerves)
o
Pons
o
Medulla oblongata
o
Basilar artery (formed by the merger of the left and right vertebral arteries)
o
Lateral ventricle
o
Third ventricle
o
Interventricular foramen
o
Mesencephalic (cerebral)
aqueduct
o
Fourth ventricle
o
Arbor vitae of cerebellum
o
Cerebral cortex
Nervous System Models
a Frontal lobe
b Parietal lobe
c Occipital lobe
d Temporal lobe
g Gyri(sectioned view)
h Hippocampus
m Medulla oblongata
p Pons
s Sulci (sectioned view)
v Lateral ventricle
w Cerebral white matter
x Cerebral cortex of the occipital lobe
(an example of cerebral grey matter)
1
Pre-central gyrus, location of the primary motor cortex
1a Cerebrum
2 Post-central gyrus, location of the
primary somatosensory cortex
3
Broca's area (motor speech area)
4 Primary auditory cortex
6 Various gyri separated by various sulci
(surface view)
10 Central
sulcus
11 Corpus
callosum
13 Corpora quadrigemina of
midbrain and cerebral aqueduct
14 Pineal gland
15 Hypothalamus
16
Fornix
(part of limbic system)
II,17
Optic
chiasm
18 Mammillary
body (part of the hypothalamus)
19 Third
ventricle and portion of thalamus
21 Cerebellum
22 Medulla
oblongata
23 Hypophysis (pituitary)
5 Lateral ventricles
10 4th ventricle
24 Cerebellar peduncles
28 Insula
29 One of the basal ganglia (aka cerebral nuclei); specifically:
caudate nucleus
36 Internal capsule
38 Left side of thalamus
39 Optic chiasm
50 Pons
53 Pineal gland (body)
54 Superior and inferior colliculi of corpora
quadrigemina
59 Medulla oblongata
60 Cerebellar peduncles
I
Olfactory bulb
Ia
Sciatic nerve
II Optic chiasm
e Femoral nerve
f 12th thoracic vertebra and rib
h 5th lumbar vertebra
i 1st sacral vertebra
A
Frontal lobe of cerebrum
C
Cervical spinal nerves (C1-C8)
E
Spinal cord
T
Thoracic spinal nerves T1 and T12
2a Phrenic nerve
2
Cervical plexus
3
Brachial Plexus
8a Left cerebral peduncle
8
Pons
9
Sternocleidomastoid
13
Lumbar plexus
14 Conus medullaris
15 Cauda equina
18 Sacral plexus
22
Right sympathetic chain ganglia
22a Superior cervical ganglion of sympathetic chain
25
Intercostal nerve
26
Cut edge of dural sac
27
Internal and external intercostal muscles
28
Right iliacus with obturator nerve running across its anterior surface
29
Right psoas major
I Olfactory lobe
II Optic chiasm
A Cerebrum
B Cerebellum
C Midbrain (which includes the cerebral
aqueduct & corpora quadrigemina)
D Pons
E Medulla oblongata
k Cerebral peduncle
l Corpora quadrigemina
3 Frontal lobe
4 Parietal lobe
5 Occipital lobe
6 Temporal lobe
8 Corpus callosum
10
Fornix
14 Thalamus
16 Cerebral (mesencephalic) aqueduct
18 Pineal gland
23 Pituitary (hypophysis) hanging from the infundibulum
25
Fourth ventricle
26 Hypothalamus
28 Choroid plexus of third ventricle
1
Lateral ventricles
1a Choroid plexi of lateral ventricles (not
seen on the online model)
3
Third ventricle
3a Choroid plexus of third ventricle
4
Fourth ventricle
4a Choroid plexus of fourth ventricle
5
Mesencephalic aqueduct (cerebral aqueduct or aqueduct of Sylvius)
6
Interventricular foramen (Foramen of Monro)
7 Vertebral artery in
transverse foramen of cervical vertebra
8 Dura mater
8a Arachnoid membrane and subarachnoid
space
17 Ventral (anterior) roots of
spinal nerve
18 Dorsal (posterior) roots of
spinal nerve
19 Dorsal root ganglion
20 Spinal nerve
20a Ventral ramus (branch) of spinal nerve
20b Dorsal ramus (branch) of spinal nerve
22 Sympathetic chain ganglion
24 Pia mater
40 Grey matter
41 White matter
76 Brachial Plexus
59 Median nerve
58 Ulnar n.
Radial nerve (note: the radial nerve is not labeled
on the online photo of the small arm model; use textbook or lab manual
diagrams to find.)
43
Common peroneal n.
41a Femoral n. (a view of the femoral n. on the small leg model is seen on the Large Leg Model page)
41
Sciatic n.
42
Posterior
Tibial n.
67
Brachial plexus
71
Median n.
80
Radial n.
74,75
Ulnar n.
65
Common peroneal n.
59
Femoral n.
63
Sciatic n.
56
Posterior tibial n.
62
Sacral plexus
Nerve injury
Know what motor problems would develop with damage to
each of the following nerves: phrenic, radial, median, ulnar, femoral, and
sciatic.
Cranial nerves
As discussed in lecture, know the names and functions of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves.