ZOO 200 HUMAN MUSCLE LIST

For lecture: know the origin, insertion, and action of the muscles below.
For lab: be able to identify the muscles in bold-face type on the models.
I have prepared a number of on-line quizzes to help you learn these muscles.

DO NOT PROCRASTINATE IN YOUR STUDY OF THESE MUSCLES!!

MUSCLE	ORIGIN	INSERTION	ACTION
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
Depressor anguli oris	mandible	skin at corner of mouth	pulls corner of mouth downward (frown)
Frontalis	Galea aponeurotica	skin superior to orbit	raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
Levator palpebrae superioris	Roof of orbit (lesser wing of sphenoid)	skin of upper eyelid	elevates upper eyelid (opens eye)
Corrugator supercilii	upper medial border of orbit	eyebrow	furrows brow
Buccinator	maxillae and mandible	orbicularis oris	compresses check as in blowing or sucking
Mentalis	mandible	skin of chin	elevates and protrudes lower lip; pull chin skin into a pout
Orbicularis oculi	medial wall of orbit	circular path around orbit	closes eye
Orbicularis oris	muscle fibers surrounding mouth	skin at corner of mouth	closes, protrudes lips, shapes lips during speech
Platysma	fascia over deltoid and pectoralis major.	mandible	draws lower lip downward and backwards (pouting); depresses mandible
Risorius	fascia over parotid	skin at angle of mouth	draws angle of mouth laterally as in tenseness
Zygomaticus major	zygomatic bone	skin at angle of mouth	draws angle of mouth upward (smiling)
MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
Masseter	maxilla and zygomatic arch	ramus of mandible	elevates and protrudes mandible, assists in side-to-side movements of mandible
Temporalis	parietal bone	coronoid process of mandible	elevates and protrudes mandible, assists in side-to-side movements of mandible
Lateral pterygoid	Greater wing and lateral pterygoid process of sphenoid	Mandibular condyle	Depresses mandible as in opening the mouth
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HEAD
Splenius capitis	7^thcervical and first three thoracic vertebrae	occipital bone and mastoid process	extension of head; lateral flexion and rotation of cervical spine
Sternocleidomastoid	sternum and clavicle	mastoid process	flexion and rotation of head
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE SHOULDER (SCAPULA)
Levator scapulae	C1-C6	vertebral border of scapula	elevates scapula
Pectoralis minor	ribs 3-5	coracoid process of scapula	pulls scapula anteriorly
Trapezius	occipital bone, spines of 7^th cervical and all thoracic vertebrae	clavicle and acromion and spine of scapula	elevates clavicle, adducts, elevates or depresses scapula; extends head
Rhomboid major	spines of 2^nd to 5^th thoracic vertebrae	vertebral border of scapula	adducts scapula; works with the serratus anterior to fix the scapula against ribs
Rhomboid minor	spines of 7^th cervical and 1st thoracic vertebrae	vertebral border of scapula	adducts scapula; works with the serratus anterior to fix the scapula against ribs
Serratus anterior	upper 9 ribs	vertebral border of scapula	protracts scapula; works with the rhomboids to fix scapula against ribs
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE ARM (HUMERUS)
Deltoid	acromion process and spine of scapula; clavicle	deltoid tuberosity of humerus	abducts, flexes, extends, and medial or lateral rotation
Latissimus dorsi	lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae; sacral and iliac crest	intertubercular sulcus of humerus	extends, adducts, rotates medially
Pectoralis major	clavicle, sternum	intertubercular sulcus	flexes, adducts, and rotates arm medially
Teres major	inferior angle of scapula	intertubercular sulcus	extension and medial rotation of arm
Rotator cuff muscles
Teres minor	inferior lateral border of scapula	greater tubercle	rotates arm laterally; extends and adducts arm
Subscapularis	subscapular fossa of scapula	lesser tubercle	rotates arm medially
Supraspinatus	supraspinous fossa of scapula	greater tubercle	assists deltoid in abducting arm
Infraspinatus	infraspinous fossa of scapula	greater tubercle	rotates arm laterally; adducts arm
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM (RADIUS AND/OR ULNA)
Brachialis	anterior, distal humerus	coronoid process of ulna	flexes forearm
Brachioradialis	distal humerus	superior to styloid process of radius	flexes forearm
Biceps brachii	long head: supra- glenoid tubercle; short head: coracoid process	radial tuberosity	flexes forearm; supinates
Pronator quadratus	distal ulna	distal radius, anteriolateral surface	pronation
Triceps brachii	long head: inferior to glenoid cavity; medial and lateral head: humerus	olecranon of ulna	extension of forearm
MUSCLES ACTING ON ABDOMINAL WALL
Rectus abdominis	pubic crest and pubic symphysis	costal cartilages (ribs 5-7) , xiphoid process	compression of abdomen; lateral rotation and bending of vertebral column
Transverse abdominis	iliac crest, inguinal ligament	xiphoid process, linea alba and pubis	compression of abdomen
Internal oblique	Lumbodorsal fascia and iliac crest	cartilages of last four ribs, linea alba	compression of abdomen; lateral rotation and bending and vertebral column
External oblique	inferior 8 ribs (5-12)	iliac crest, linea alba	compression of abdomen; lateral rotation and bending and vertebral column
MUSCLES MOVING WRIST, HAND, AND FINGERS
Extensor carpi radialis longus.	lateral epicondyle of humerus	2^nd metacarpal	extension and abduction of wrist
Flexor carpi ulnaris	medial epicondyle of humerus	carpals and 5^th metacarpal	flexes and adducts wrist
Flexor digitorum superficialis	medial epicondyle of humerus	middle phalanges	flexes middle phalanges
Extensor digitorum	lateral epicondyle of humerus	2^nd through 5^th distal and middle phalanges	extends phalanges
Palmaris longus	medial epicondyle of humerus	palmar aponeurosis	weak flexor of wrist (sometimes absent)
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THIGH (FEMUR) and/or LEG (TIBIA, FIBULA)
Quadriceps femoris
1. Rectus femoris	anterior inferior iliac spine	patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity via patella ligament	extends leg and flexes thigh
2. Vastus medialis	linea aspera	[same as above]	extends leg
3. Vastus lateralis	linea aspera	[same as above]	extends leg
4 Vastus intermedius	anterior femur	[same as above]	extends leg
Hamstrings
1. Semimembranosus	ischial tuberosity	medial condyle of tibia	flexes leg and extends thigh
2. Semitendinosus	ischial tuberosity	proximal medial body tibia	flexes leg and extends thigh
3. Biceps femoris	long head: ischial tuberosity; short head: linea aspera	head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia	flexes leg and extends thigh
Psoas major	transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae	lesser trochanter	flexes and rotates thigh laterally
Iliacus	iliac fossa	tendon of psoas major	[same as psoas major]
Gluteus maximus	iliac crest, sacrum and coccyx.	linea aspera & gluteal tuberosity	extends and rotates thigh
Gluteus medius	ilium	greater trochanter	abducts and rotates thigh medially
Gluteus minimus	ilium	greater trochanter	abducts and rotates thigh medially
Adductor longus	pubic symphysis	linea aspera	adducts and rotates thigh medially
Adductor magnus	rami of pubis and ischium	linea aspera	adducts and rotates thigh medially
Gracilis	pubic symphysis	proximal, medial tibia	adducts thigh
Sartorius	anterior superior iliac spine	proximal, medial tibia	flexes leg, flexes thigh, and rotates it laterally, thus crossing the leg
Tensor fasciae latae	iliac crest	tibia by way of the iliotibial tract (fascia lata)	flexes and abducts thigh
Gluteus maximus	iliac crest, sacrum and coccyx.	linea aspera & gluteal tuberosity	extends and rotates thigh
MUSCLE THAT MOVE FOOT AND TOES
Tibialis anterior	lateral condyle and body of tibia	1^st metatarsal and medial cuneiform	dorsiflexes and inverts foot
Gastrocnemius	lateral and medial condyles of femur	calcaneus by way of Achilles tendon	plantar flexes foot
Soleus	head of fibula and medial border of tibia	calcaneus by way of Achilles tendon	plantar flexes foot
Fibularis longus	head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia	1st metatarsal	plantar flexes and everts foot
Extensor digitorum longus	Lateral condyle of tibia	middle and distal phalanges of all toes except big toe	dorsiflexes and everts foot and extends toes
Flexor hallucis longus	Posterior surface of fibula	inferior surface of distal phalanx of big toe	flexes big toe
Extensor hallucis longus	anterior surface of fibula	distal phalanx of big toe	dorsiflexes and inverts foot and extends toes
A MUSCLE OF THE PELVIC FLOOR
Pubococcygeus	posterior pubis	coccyx	The “Kegel excersie muscle” ; controls urine flow, tightens the vaginal wall during intercourse, contracts during orgasm, important in ejaculation