LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
1. Describe the functions of the lymphatic
system.
2. Describe
how interstitial fluid and lymph are formed and explain the function of lymph;
discuss the structure of the lymphatic capillaries.
3. What
factors promote the flow of lymph?
4. Describe
the components of the lymphatic pathway.
5. Through
which specific lymphatic pathway structures would lymph pass in traveling from
the leg to the blood stream? What part of the body is served by the thoracic
duct? The right lymphatic duct?
6. What
would be the consequence of lymphatic obstruction?
7. Describe
the structure and major functions of a lymph node. Where are some typical
locations for lymph nodes?
8. Discuss
the functions of the tonsil, Peyer's patches, and spleen. Know the location of
these structures.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
1.
Describe
the components of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
2.
Identify
the principle parts of the brain and their embryological development.
3.
Describe
how the brain is protected.
4.
Describe
the ventricles of the brain and the production and circulation of the cerebral
spinal fluid.
5.
Describe
the blood supply to the brain and the blood-brain barrier.
6.
Compare
the brain stem, diencephalon, cerebrum, and cerebellum with regard to structure
and function.
7.
Name
the lobes of the cerebrum and the general functions associated with each.
8.
Describe
the sensory, motor, and association areas of the cerebrum.
9.
Identify
the 12 pairs of cranial nerves by name, number, and function.
10.
Describe
the effects of aging on the nervous system.
11.
Briefly
describe the following: cerebrovascular accident, transient ischemic attack, Alzheimer’s
disease, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, and Reye’s syndrome.
1.
Describe
the protection, gross anatomical features, and cross-sectional structure of he
spinal cord.
2.
Describe
the functions of the ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord,
discuss how they are named, and give some examples.
3.
Describe
the components of a reflex arc.
4.
Define
plexus and describe the distribution of the major nerves of the cervical,
brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses.
5.
List
the immediate and long-range effects of spinal cord injury.
6.
Explain
the causes and symptoms of sciatica, shingles, and poliomyelitis.
Autonomic
Nervous System
1.
Describe
the basic structure and functions of
the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
1.
Define
endocrine gland and exocrine gland; list the endocrine glands of the body.
2.
Describe
the structural and functional divisions of the pituitary gland.
3.
Describe
the location and histology of the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland
, adrenal gland, pancreas, pineal gland, and thymus gland; list the major
hormones secreted by each of these glands, and give their general functions.
4.
Discuss
the cause and symptoms of each of the following:
a)
Pituitary
disorders: pituitary dwarfism, acromegaly, diabetes insipidus,
b)
Thyroid
disorders: cretinism, myxedema, simple goiter
c)
Parathyroid
disorders: tetany
d)
Adrenal
disorders: Addison’s disease, Cushing’s
disease
e)
Pancreas
disorders: diabetes mellitus
URINARY SYSTEM
1.
Anatomy
the gross anatomical features of the kidney, externally and internally.
2.
Describe
the structural features of a nephron.
3.
Describe
the blood supply to the kidney.
4.
Describe the location, structure, histology,
and function of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
5.
Describe
the effects of aging on the urinary system.
6.
Discuss
the conditions of cystitis, polycystic kidney disease, and urinary tract
infections.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
1.
Describe
the structure, histology, and function of the testes.
2.
Describe
the function and structure of the seminiferous tubules.
3.
Define
meiosis and describe the basic events of spermatogenesis.
4.
Describe
the location, structure, histology, and functions of the epididymis, ductus
(vas) deferens, and ejaculatory duct.
5.
Describe
the location and function of the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and
bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland.
6.
Discuss
the structure and function of the penis.
7.
Describe
the hormonal control of male reproduction, including the functions of
gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing
hormone (LH), and testosterone.
Female
Reproductive System
1.
Describe
the structure, histology, and function of
the ovaries
2.
Describe
the structure, histology, and function of
the Fallopian (uterine) tubes, uterus, and vagina.
3.
List
the components of the vulva and discuss their functions.
4.
Describe
the principle events of oogenesis.
5.
Describe
the hormonal control of female reproduction, including the functions of GnRH,
FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone.
6.
Discuss
the structure and function of the mammary glands.
7.
Describe
the effects of aging on the reproductive system.