William Cowper (1666–1709)
 English anatomist and surgeon

In 1698 Cowper published The Anatomy of the Humane Bodies which brought him fame and notoriety, and over the next eleven years he wrote a number of tracts on topics ranging from surgery and pathology to physiology and anatomy, including an early description of the bulbourethral ("Cowper's") gland. Much of The Anatomy included a great deal of original research and fresh new insights but it also contained a number of plates that Cowper was accused of plagiarizing from Anatomia Humani Corporis by Govard Bidloo (1649-1713). 

Adapted from www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/historicalanatomies/cowper_bio.html