|
| 1 |
A researcher who studies mitochondria or ribosomes would belong to which of the following disciplines? |
|
|
|
cytology |
|
|
|
histology |
|
|
|
cardiovascular physiology |
|
|
|
neurology |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
| 2 |
Which of the following would likely require the use of a microscope? |
|
|
|
histology |
|
|
|
cytology |
|
|
|
gross anatomy |
|
|
|
all of these |
|
|
|
"a" and "b" only |
|
| 3 |
For the most part, ZOO 200 is takes a _______________ approach towards the study of human anatomy. |
|
|
|
regional |
|
|
|
systemic |
|
|
|
cytologic |
|
|
|
histologic |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
| 4 |
Which of the following would NOT be regulated by a homeostatic mechanism? |
|
|
|
blood cholesterol levels |
|
|
|
blood glucose |
|
|
|
body temperature |
|
|
|
height |
|
|
|
thyroid hormone levels |
|
| 5 |
The portion of the internal environment where red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are all found. |
|
|
|
interstitial fluid |
|
|
|
cytoplasm |
|
|
|
plasma |
|
|
|
intracellular fluid |
|
|
|
lymph |
|
| 6 |
The fluid
found between, say, connective tissue cells is part of the __________________
"compartment". |
|
|
|
intracellular fluid |
|
|
|
interstitial fluid |
|
|
|
cytosol |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
|
|
"a" and "b" only |
|
| 7 |
What
“goal” of interacting organ systems helps to ensure cell survival, and
thus survival of the organism? |
|
|
|
gene activation |
|
|
|
mitosis |
|
|
|
differentiation |
|
|
|
ovum fertilization |
|
|
|
homeostasis |
|
| 8 |
Site of control center in body temperature homeostasis:
|
|
|
|
sweat glands in skin |
|
|
|
skeletal muscle cells |
|
|
|
heart muscle (myocardium) |
|
|
|
hypothalamus (in brain) |
|
|
|
thyroid gland |
|
| 9 |
Homeostasis is defined as a maintenance of a relatively constant: |
|
|
|
plasma environment |
|
|
|
intracellular environment |
|
|
|
external environment |
|
|
|
internal environment |
|
|
|
interstitial environment |
|
| 10 |
Which of the following is directly exposed to the internal environment of the body? |
|
|
|
mitochondria |
|
|
|
cell nuclei |
|
|
|
cells |
|
|
|
the stomach |
|
|
|
food in the stomach |
|
| 11 |
In homeostasis, effectors directly result in:
(this info will not be covered on exam #1) |
|
|
|
a stimulus |
|
|
|
a response |
|
|
|
regulation of a homeostatic control center |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
|
|
|
|
| 12 |
Which of the following are effectors in body temperature regulation?
(this info will not be covered on exam #1) |
|
|
|
thymus gland |
|
|
|
sebaceous (oil) glands in the skin |
|
|
|
blood vessels in the skin |
|
|
|
all of these |
|
|
|
"b" and "c" only |
|
| 13 |
In a cat, the heart is ___________ to the diaphragm. |
|
|
|
anterior |
|
|
|
superior |
|
|
|
cranial |
|
|
|
all of these |
|
|
|
a" and "c |
|
| 14 |
The gall bladder is located in the ____________ of the abdomen. |
|
|
|
left upper quadrant |
|
|
|
right upper quadrant |
|
|
|
left lower quadrant |
|
|
|
right lower quadrant |
|
|
|
|
|
| 15 |
The spleen is located in the _____________ region of the abdomen. |
|
|
|
hypogastric |
|
|
|
epigastric |
|
|
|
left hypochondriac |
|
|
|
left lumbar |
|
|
|
right inguinal |
|
| 16 |
The palms of the hand are on the ____________ surface of the body. |
|
|
|
posterior |
|
|
|
anterior |
|
|
|
ventral |
|
|
|
cranial |
|
|
|
b" and "c |
|
| 17 |
A midsagittal section through the abdominal cavity would NOT reveal which organ(s)? |
|
|
|
liver |
|
|
|
stomach |
|
|
|
small intestine |
|
|
|
kidney |
|
|
|
b" and "d |
|
| 18 |
The thoracic cavity also includes which of the following? |
|
|
|
pleural cavity |
|
|
|
pericardial cavity |
|
|
|
peritoneal cavity |
|
|
|
all of these |
|
|
|
"a" and "b" only |
|
| 19 |
A coronal section through the torso would reveal which body cavities? |
|
|
|
thoracic |
|
|
|
abdominal |
|
|
|
both |
|
|
|
neither |
|
|
|
|
|
| 20 |
A transverse section through the thoracic cavity could cut through the: |
|
|
|
lungs |
|
|
|
heart |
|
|
|
thymus |
|
|
|
all of these |
|
|
|
all except "c" |
|
| 21 |
Fibroblasts belong to which level of organization? |
|
|
|
cellular |
|
|
|
tissue |
|
|
|
organ |
|
|
|
organ system |
|
|
|
|
|
| 22 |
The collagen fibers within a tendon or ligament belong to what level of organization? |
|
|
|
cellular |
|
|
|
tissue |
|
|
|
organ |
|
|
|
organ system |
|
|
|
|
|
| 23 |
Which is the only section through the thoracic cavity that might miss the mediastinum? |
|
|
|
midsagittal |
|
|
|
parasagittal |
|
|
|
coronal |
|
|
|
transverse |
|
|
|
none of these would miss the mediastinum |
|
| 24 |
The level of organization at which similar cell types work together for common function: |
|
|
|
cellular |
|
|
|
tissue |
|
|
|
organ |
|
|
|
chemical |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
| 25 |
Interstitial fluid is found at what level of organization? |
|
|
|
cellular |
|
|
|
tissue |
|
|
|
organ |
|
|
|
organ systems |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
| 26 |
A collection of cardiac muscle cells contract as a functional unit because of the presence of |
|
|
|
tight junctions |
|
|
|
anchoring junctions |
|
|
|
gap junctions |
|
|
|
all of these |
|
|
|
a and c only |
|
| 27 |
Which of the following is most directly influenced by homeostatic mechanisms? |
|
|
|
cytoplasm |
|
|
|
extracellular fluid |
|
|
|
plasma membrane |
|
|
|
cytosol |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
| 28 |
One would expect to find
desmosomes in all of the following except: |
|
|
|
the lining of the small intestine |
|
|
|
the urinary bladder wall |
|
|
|
the cervix |
|
|
|
the wall of the heart |
|
|
|
the liver |
|
| 29 |
Which of the following is not a typical feature of epithelial tissue? |
|
|
|
closely packed cells |
|
|
|
presence of an apical surface |
|
|
|
lots of cell junctions |
|
|
|
plentiful blood supply |
|
|
|
presence of a basement membrane |
|
| 30 |
Which general tissue type is typically found deep to a basement membrane? |
|
|
|
connective |
|
|
|
epithelial |
|
|
|
nervous |
|
|
|
muscle |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
| 31 |
The dominant tissue type found within the pancreas: |
|
|
|
connective |
|
|
|
epithelial |
|
|
|
nervous |
|
|
|
muscle |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
| 32 |
Which structure would exhibit cells with the highest mitotic rates? |
|
|
|
biceps brachii |
|
|
|
spinal cord |
|
|
|
lining of the stomach |
|
|
|
subcutaneous fat |
|
|
|
shaft of hair |
|
| 33 |
Which of the following is not a typical location for ciliated epithelium? |
|
|
|
trachea |
|
|
|
small intestine |
|
|
|
Fallopian tubes |
|
|
|
none of these have cilia |
|
|
|
all of these have cilia |
|
| 34 |
Which of the following would be the most metabolically active? |
|
|
|
cuboidal cells |
|
|
|
squamous epithelial cells |
|
|
|
columnar epithleial cells |
|
|
|
red blood cells |
|
|
|
|
|
| 35 |
Which of the following would be in contact with the external environement? |
|
|
|
lining of the oral cavity |
|
|
|
lining of the esophagus |
|
|
|
lining of the stomach |
|
|
|
linining of the trachea |
|
|
|
all of these |
|
| 36 |
Which tissue type would be most susceptible to environmental insults? |
|
|
|
nervous |
|
|
|
connective |
|
|
|
epithelial |
|
|
|
muscle |
|
|
|
all would be equally susceptible |
|
| 37 |
Which tissue can regenerate most easily after injury? |
|
|
|
epithelial |
|
|
|
connective |
|
|
|
nervous |
|
|
|
muscle |
|
|
|
|
|
| 38 |
If an epithelial tissue were to line a cavity subject to wear and tear, which type of cell arrangement may be expected? |
|
|
|
stratified |
|
|
|
pseudostratified |
|
|
|
simple |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
|
|
|
|
| 39 |
To maximize diffussion rates through an epithleial layer, which epithelial cell shape and arrangement would be expected? |
|
|
|
transitional |
|
|
|
simple cuboidal |
|
|
|
simple columnar |
|
|
|
simple squamous |
|
|
|
b" or "c |
|
| 40 |
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of most connective tissues? |
|
|
|
highy vascular |
|
|
|
abundant extracellular material |
|
|
|
cells arranged in layers like epithelial tissues |
|
|
|
cells widely separated |
|
|
|
|
|
| 41 |
A tissue with lots of fibroblasts could be expected to have lots of: |
|
|
|
fibrin |
|
|
|
adipose cells |
|
|
|
muscle fibers |
|
|
|
nerve fibers |
|
|
|
collagen |
|
| 42 |
Which would contain connective tissue with abundant elastin? |
|
|
|
bone |
|
|
|
tendons |
|
|
|
lungs |
|
|
|
kidney |
|
|
|
liver |
|
| 43 |
Goblet cells would be typically found associated with: |
|
|
|
ciliated epithelium |
|
|
|
simple squamous epithelium |
|
|
|
endocrine glands |
|
|
|
stratified squamous epithelium |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
| 44 |
Which tissue would take the longest to heal if injured? |
|
|
|
dense irregular CT |
|
|
|
stratified squamous |
|
|
|
hyaline cartilage |
|
|
|
bone |
|
|
|
|
|
| 45 |
A drug stimulates osteoblast activity, and thus may be effective in the treatment of which condition?: |
|
|
|
anemia |
|
|
|
acne |
|
|
|
Alzheimer's |
|
|
|
the common cold |
|
|
|
thinning bones |
|
| 46 |
A common location for elastic cartilage: |
|
|
|
External ear |
|
|
|
Tip of nose |
|
|
|
Intervertebral disks |
|
|
|
All of these |
|
|
|
"a" and "b" only |
|
| 47 |
Which of the following connective tissues has the richest blood supply? |
|
|
|
adipose tissue |
|
|
|
dense regular connective tissue |
|
|
|
bone tissue |
|
|
|
areolar tissue |
|
|
|
all of the above are avascular |
|
| 48 |
Cartilage is strong because of _________, resilient because of ____________. |
|
|
|
collagen; elastin |
|
|
|
collagen; reticular fibers |
|
|
|
collagen; chondroitin sulfate |
|
|
|
elastin; chondroitin sulfate |
|
|
|
elastin; collagen |
|
| 49 |
If the collagen in bone tissue were destroyed (with the rest of the tissue unaffected); what could be expected? |
|
|
|
soft bone tissue |
|
|
|
bone tissue full of holes |
|
|
|
brittle bone tissue |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
|
|
|
|
| 50 |
Most of the body's white blood cells are found: |
|
|
|
in the blood |
|
|
|
in the interstitial fluid |
|
|
|
in the lymph fluid |
|
|
|
within lymphatic tissue |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
| 51 |
When one loses weight, what is actually happening at the tissue level? |
|
|
|
a decrease in the number of fat cells. |
|
|
|
a decrease in the size of pre-existing fat cells. |
|
|
|
conversion of adipose tissue into areolar connective tissue. |
|
|
|
conversion of adipose tissue into dense irregular connective tissue. |
|
|
|
|
|
| 52 |
A common location for areolar connective tissue: |
|
|
|
between the skin and underlying muscle. |
|
|
|
structural frameworks within solid organs such as the liver or kidney |
|
|
|
the brain |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
|
|
|
|
| 53 |
In what structure listed would disrupted fibroblast activity have the greatest effect? |
|
|
|
Eustachian tube |
|
|
|
epidermis |
|
|
|
tendons |
|
|
|
bone marrow |
|
|
|
lining of stomach |
|
| 54 |
Chondroblasts would be associated with: |
|
|
|
developing skin |
|
|
|
mesenchyme |
|
|
|
developing cartilage |
|
|
|
mature bone tissue |
|
|
|
|
|
| 55 |
The inner framework or "scaffolding" of solid organs such as the liver is formed primarily by: |
|
|
|
reticular fibers |
|
|
|
collagen fibers |
|
|
|
elastic fibers |
|
|
|
hyaluronic acid |
|
|
|
chondrotin sulfate |
|
| 56 |
Through the microscope you observe a tissue with plasma cells, macrophages,and fibroblasts. Which tissue type is it? |
|
|
|
blood |
|
|
|
areolar |
|
|
|
fibrocartilage |
|
|
|
elastic cartilage |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
| 57 |
Which tissue would heal the fastest? |
|
|
|
bone |
|
|
|
dense irregular CT |
|
|
|
simple columnar |
|
|
|
hyaline cartilage |
|
|
|
|
|
| 58 |
Which fiber types would one expect to find in ligaments? |
|
|
|
reticular fibers |
|
|
|
collagen fibers |
|
|
|
elastic fibers |
|
|
|
all of these |
|
|
|
b" and "c |
|
| 59 |
What is the function of the canaliculi found within bone tissue? |
|
|
|
makes the tissue lighter |
|
|
|
makes the tissue stronger |
|
|
|
helps to distribute nutrients to the osteocytes |
|
|
|
no known function |
|
|
|
|
|
| 60 |
In the osseous tissue making cancellous (spongy) bone, one would find: |
|
|
|
Haversian canals |
|
|
|
concentric lamellae |
|
|
|
osteocytes in lacunae |
|
|
|
all of these |
|
|
|
b" and "c |
|
| 61 |
In which of the following would red cell production most likely take place? |
|
|
|
compact bone in the sternum |
|
|
|
spongy bone in the pelvic girdle |
|
|
|
spongy bone in the tibia |
|
|
|
all of these |
|
|
|
b" and "c |
|
| 62 |
Which of the following is true of plasma cells?
|
|
|
|
they can be found in plasma |
|
|
|
they can be found in areolar connective tissue. |
|
|
|
they produce antibodies |
|
|
|
all of these are true |
|
|
|
none of these are true |
|
| 63 |
All else remaining equal, decreased activity of osteoclasts may lead to: |
|
|
|
decreased bone tissue production |
|
|
|
net increase in bone tissue density |
|
|
|
decreased bone tissue destruction |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
|
|
"b" and "c" only |
|
| 64 |
Found In the bone tissue making up the shaft of a femur: |
|
|
|
Haversian canals |
|
|
|
trabeculae |
|
|
|
red bone marrow |
|
|
|
all of these |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
| 65 |
The collagen fibers in bone tissue matrix result in _______ bones. |
|
|
|
strong |
|
|
|
hard |
|
|
|
both |
|
|
|
neither |
|
|
|
|
|
| 66 |
The most abundant white blood cell: |
|
|
|
monocyte |
|
|
|
eosinophil |
|
|
|
basophil |
|
|
|
neutrophil |
|
|
|
lymphocyte |
|
| 67 |
Blood clot formation requires sufficient levels of: |
|
|
|
eosinophils |
|
|
|
B lymphocytes |
|
|
|
T lymphocytes |
|
|
|
platelets |
|
|
|
basophils |
|
| 68 |
Decreased numbers of megakaryocytes might result in: |
|
|
|
increased rates of infection |
|
|
|
decreased antibody production |
|
|
|
abnormally high levels of hemoglobin |
|
|
|
problems forming blood clots |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
| 69 |
What is a typical white blood cell count? |
|
|
|
10,000 per cubic mm of blood |
|
|
|
100,000 per cubic mm of blood |
|
|
|
10,000 per cubic cm of blood |
|
|
|
100,000 per cubic mm of blood |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
| 70 |
Which of the following are produced in red bone marrow? |
|
|
|
neutrophils |
|
|
|
eosinophils |
|
|
|
basophils |
|
|
|
all of these |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
| 71 |
Smooth muscle is found: |
|
|
|
in the heart |
|
|
|
in skeletal muscles |
|
|
|
in the walls of blood vessels |
|
|
|
all of these |
|
|
|
|
|
| 72 |
Without intercalated disks, what would happen? |
|
|
|
individual cardiac muscle cells would not contract rhythmically. |
|
|
|
each cardiac muscle cell would contract rhythmically, but indepedently of its neighboring cell |
|
|
|
cardiac muscle tissue would disintegrate |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
|
|
|
|
| 73 |
The endomysium is composed of |
|
|
|
dense regular connective tissue |
|
|
|
dense irregular connective tissue |
|
|
|
reticular connective tissue |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
|
|
|
|
| 74 |
At the "ends" of a skeletal muscle, the various connective tissue components (such as the perimysium and epimysium) merge to form: |
|
|
|
periosteum |
|
|
|
perichondrium |
|
|
|
ligaments |
|
|
|
tendons |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
| 75 |
The striations of skeletal and cardiac muscle cells are due to: |
|
|
|
variations in the color of the sarcolemma (the muscle cell membrane) |
|
|
|
alternating bands of elastic and collagen fibers in the sarcoplasm (the muscle cell cytoplasm) |
|
|
|
precise arrangements of actin and myosin proteins within the sarcoplasm |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
|
|
a' and 'b |
|
| 76 |
Microglia: |
|
|
|
are CNS macrophages |
|
|
|
produce myelin |
|
|
|
form the blood-brain barrier |
|
|
|
generate nerve impulses |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
| 77 |
The location of a motor neuron cell body whose axon forms a synapse with a skeletal muscle cell: |
|
|
|
in the skeletal muscle |
|
|
|
in a nerve going to the skeletal muscle |
|
|
|
in either the brain or spinal cord, depending on the location of the skeletal muscle |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
|
|
|
|
| 78 |
With malfunctioning oligodendrocytes, one may have a problem forming ____________________ in _____________________. |
|
|
|
myelin; brain |
|
|
|
myelin; nerves |
|
|
|
myelin; spinal cord |
|
|
|
all of these |
|
|
|
a' and 'c |
|
| 79 |
An unmyelinated axon would not have: |
|
|
|
nerve impulses |
|
|
|
a cell body |
|
|
|
a cell membrane |
|
|
|
nodes of Ranvier |
|
|
|
none of these |
|
| 80 |
If you look at a brain that has been sectioned, you would note neural tissue of two different shades: light and dark. In which would you expect to find the greatest numbers of synapses? |
|
|
|
light |
|
|
|
dark |
|
|
|
both |
|
|
|
neither |
|
|
|
|
|