EXAM 3 PRACTICE

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1 Which of the following is NOT associated with the stomach?
parietal cells
chief cells
lower esophageal sphincter
amylase enzymes
absorption of aspirin
2 What may be a consequence of decreased pancreatic bicarbonate secretion?
inactivation of digestive enzyme activity in the small intestine
ulcers developing in the mucosa of the small intestine
gastric ulcers
all of these
a and b only
3 The correct sequence for the regions within the stomach:
body, fundus, pyloric antrum, pyloric canal, pyloric sphincter, cardiac sphincter, cardia
cardiac sphincter, cardia, fundus, body, pyloric antrum, pyloric canal, pyloric sphincter
cardiac sphincter, cardia, fundus, pyloric antrum, pyloric canal, body, pyloric sphincter
pyloric sphincter, pyloric antrum, pyloric canal fundus, body, cardia, cardiac sphincter
4 The liver secretes all of the following except:
bile salts
bilirubin
lipase
glucose
cholesterol
5 Exocrine secretions from the pancreas would contain:
insulin
glucagon
amylase
all of these
a and b only
6 Which organ can absorb alcohol but not most other substances?
stomach
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
7 Which of the following would NOT have a visceral peritoneum on its surface?
stomach
liver
small intestine
kidney
gall bladder
8 Which would be the most direct route by which an infection could spread from the serosa of the stomach to the transverse colon?
through the lesser omentum
through the greater omentum
through the falciform ligament
through the parietal peritoneum
9 Chewing and the emulsifying actions of bile salts are both examples of:
mechanical digestion
chemical digestion
both
neither
10 intrinsic factor is required for:
protein digestion
lipid digestion
vitamin D absorption
vitamin B6 absorption
vitamin B12 absorption
11 Which of the following is an enzyme involved in the last stage of chemical digestion?
pepsin
amylase
maltase
all of these
none of these
12 Which of the following are involved with fat digestion?
lipase
amylase
bile salts
all of these
a and c only
13 If you did not have a stomach, which of the following would you be unable to do?
digest proteins
digest carbohydrates
eat solid food
absorb nucleic acids
produce digestive enzymes
14 In the small intestine, microvilli:
contain lacteals for fat absorption
increase the absorptive surface area of the mucosa
contain "brush border" enzymes
b and c only
a and c only
15 Most absorption and chemical digestion occur in the:
duodenum
ileum
jejunum
cecum
pyloric region of the stomach
16 The mesentery proper attaches to the ______________, for example.
ileum
ascending colon
stomach
none of these
a and b
17 Among many other things, severe liver disease may be associated with:
decreased digestive enzyme production
internal bleeding
problems storing vitamin C
all of these
a and b
18 Each liver lobule receives blood from:
the hepatic portal vein
the hepatic artery
the central vein
all of these
a and b only
19 Which of the following is NOT a function of hepatocytes?
vitamin A storage
HDL and LDL synthesis
cholesterol synthesis
detoxification of drugs
RBC destruction
20 After a meal rich in carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which of the following would be present in the blood of the hepatic portal vein in the lowest concentrations?
glucose
amino acids
fatty acids
all of these would be present in roughly equal concentrations
21 The muscularis of the stomach is unusual in that:
it has a third layer in addition to the circular and longitudinal layers
is mostly skeletal muscle
is arranged as bands known as taeniae coli
has only one layer of smooth muscle
none of these
22 Which of the following is composed of a mucous membrane?
inner lining of the trachea
parietal peritoneum
greater omentum
visceral pleura
mesentery 
23 Which of the following is a function of saliva?
helps replace calcium that has been lost from the enamel of the teeth
using amylase, helps to break down the complex carbohydrates stuck to the teeth
initiates protein digestion
all of these
a and b only
24 Pernicious anemia is caused by:
decreased HCl secretion by the stomach
inability to absorb vitamin B12
absence of intrinsic factor
all of these
b and c only
25 Which of the following is composed of skeletal muscle tissue?
external anal sphincter
internal anal sphincter
pyloric sphincter
ileocecal valve
all of these
26 Food molecules are in the internal environment when located in the:
stomach lumen
villi capillaries
oral cavity
esophageal lumen
all of these
27 The bacterial species known as Helicobactor pylori:
is responsible for most gastric ulcers
is the most common small intestinal bacteria
is a large intestinal bacteria that produces vitamin K
is a major cause of food poisoning
none of these
28 Which of the following tooth types are NOT deciduous teeth (i.e. the "baby" teeth lost during childhood)?
lateral incisors
central incisors
canines
bicuspids
molars
29 A blocked cystic duct would prevent all bile from reaching the:
liver
duodenum
gall bladder
all of these
b and c
30 The muscularis in the middle 1/3 of the esophagus is composed of:
smooth muscle
skeletal muscle
both
neither
31 Asthma is associated with:
excessive constriction of bronchioles
fluid-filled alveoli
the trachea blocked by excessive mucus
spasms of the diaphram
none of these
32 What is the function of surfactant?
reduces mucus production in the respiratory tract
increases ciliary activity within the nasal cavity
reduces surface tension within the alveoli
a hormone that stimulates an increase in respiratory rates
none of these
33 A structure that is located entirely within the neck:
pharynx
larynx
trachea
none of these are located entirely within the neck
34 The correct pronunciation for the structure that is also known as the "throat":
FAIR-NIX
FAIR-RINKS
LAIR-RINKS
none of these
35 Muscle(s) actively involved in inspiration:
diaphragm
external intercostals
abdominal muscles
all of these
a and b only
36 The second-largest cartilage of the larynx:
cricoid
thyroid
arytenoid
corniculate
37 Each section of a lung supplied by a tertiary bronchus is called a:
lobe
hilus
lobule
bronchopulmonary segment
none of these
38 Of the structures listed, which comprise at least part of the respiratory membrane?
simple columnar epithelium
cilia
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
b and c
none of these
39 Which of the following is a shared pathway for both food and air?
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
all of these
b and c only
40 Oxygen passes into the internal environment after entering the:
alveoli
nasal cavity
larynx
alveolar capillaries
trachea
41 The membrane that is tightly attached to the surface of the lung:
respiratory membrane
parietal pleura
visceral pleura
respiratory mucosa
none of these
42 Which of the structures listed play the most important role in warming and humidifying inspired air?
uvula
ventricular folds
nasal conchae
carina
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
43 Which condition is associated with destruction of alveoli and a decrease in lung elasticity?
pneumonia
tuberculosis
respiratory distress syndrome
emphysema
SIDS
44 In which condition do the alveoli fill with fluid?
asthma
bronchitis
pneumonia
SIDS
cold
45 A "respiratory region" of the respiratory tract:
trachea
bronchi
terminal bronchioles
all of these
none of these
46 Which structure(s) help to keep food or drink out of the larynx?
epiglottis
ventricular folds
vocal cords
all of these
a and b only
47 What is the biggest advantage of the trachea being composed, in part, of cartilagenous rings?
they prevent collapse of the trachea if the thoracic cavity or neck receives a hard blow
they prevent collapse of the trachea when air rushes through during inspiration
they allow the trachea to bend
none of these
48 Which structure is located immediately posterior to the trachea?
aorta
esophagus
thymus gland
thyroid gland
none of these
49 Which of the following do NOT have a ciliated epithelium?
nasal cavity
pharynx
alveoli
none of these have a ciliated epithelium
b and c
50 When the arytenoid cartilages rotate laterally, what structure(s) may move farther apart?
vocal cords
ventricular folds
both
neither
51 The right atrium receives:
blood low in oxygen
blood returning to the heart from the systemic circulation
both
neither
52 Which is the correct order of layers, from deepest to most superficial?
visceral pericardium, myocardium, endocardium, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium
epicardium, endocardium, myocardium, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium
endocardium, myocardium, visceral pericardium, fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium
endocardium, myocardium, parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium, fibrous pericardium
endocardium, myocardium, visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium
53 A partially blocked left coronary artery would reduce blood flow in the:
right coronary artery
circumflex artery
anterior interventricular artery
all of these
b and c only
54 Blood in the pulmonary veins:
is low in oxygen
will return to the heart through the coronary sinus
will enter the left atrium
all of these
a and c
55 Cardiac veins are a component of:
the systemic circulation
the pulmonary circulation
the coronary circulation
none of these
a and c
56 Because the lungs are collapsed in the fetus, the fetal heart works harder pumping blood to the pulmonary circulation as compared to the systemic circulation. Therefore, where would the thickest fetal myocardium be found?
right ventricular wall
left ventricular wall
right atrial wall
left atrial wall
57 The function of the pulmonary semilunar valve:
prevents back flow of blood into the pulmonary circulation
prevents back flow of blood into the left ventricle
prevents back flow of blood into the left atrium
prevents back flow of blood into the right atrium
none of these
58 What causes the tricuspid valves to close?
contraction of the papillary muscles
increased blood pressure in the pulmonary veins
increased blood pressure in the right ventricle
increased blood pressure in the left ventricle
none of these
59 The second heart sound is associated with the:
closing of the tricuspid and bicuspid valves
opening of the tricuspid and bicuspid valves
closing of the semilunar valves
opening of the semilunar valves
none of these
60 Which of the following structures listed is a correct sequence of parts through or by which blood moves?
pulmonary veins, left ventricle, mitral valve, left atrium, aortic semilunar valve, aorta
pulmonary veins, left atrium, aortic semilunar valve, left ventricle, bicuspid valve, aorta
vena cava, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, aorta
pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, aorta
none of these
61 If the atrioventricular node were destroyed, what would be a consequence?
the SA node would stop firing
the heart would continue to beat normally
impulses from the atria would not reach the ventricles
the atria would stop contracting
none of these
62 Cardiac veins empty into the:
right atrium
coronary sinus
myocardial capillaries
left atrium
none of these
63 Which of the following is NOT a risk for the development of heart disease?
high blood pressure
diabetes
drinking alcohol
smoking
all of these are risks
64 Without a cardiac conduction system, electrical impulses in the atrial myocardium could not reach the ventricular myocardium. What structure prevents these impulses from passing directly to the ventricles from the atria, thus making a conduction system, beginning with the AV node, necessary?
AV node
bundle of His
skeleton of the heart
Purkinje fibers
AV valves
65 Atherosclerotic plaques may lead to sudden death because:
they can cause blood vessels to burst
they increase blood cholesterol levels in the blood
they may interfere with ventricular contraction
they may induce blood clot formation within blood vessels
66 Gap junctions are found in the:
endothelium
myocardium
endocardium
epicardium
all of these
67 Where in the cardiovascular system would glucose diffuse out of the blood to reach tissue cells?
arteries
arterioles
capillaries
veins
68 The aorta is an example of:
a muscular artery
an elastic artery
a systemic artery
a and c
b and c
69 Which vessel would have the greatest concentration of oxygen?
coronary sinus
hepatic portal vein
intestinal arterioles
pulmonary artery
70 Capillaries are composed mostly of:
simple squamous epithelium
elastic connective tissue
smooth muscle tissue
simple cuboidal epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
71 If the foramen ovale failed to close following birth:
blood could flow from the pulmary artery to the aorta
the amount of blood pumped to the lungs would be less than it should
blood would flow between the two atria
a and b
b and c
72 The tunica media in arteries may be composed of:
smooth muscle
elastic tissue
both
neither
73 If an artery is squeezed by a contracting skeletal muscle, what happens to the blood flow?
it reverses (heads back towards the heart)
it continues in the same direction
it may burst
it reverses initially, but the vessel valves prevent significant back flow.
74 The function(s) of arterioles:
they regulate the flow of blood into capillaries
they help regulate blood pressure
both
neither
75 If all nerves to the heart were cut, what would typically happen?
the heart would stop beating
the heart would slow down
the heart would speed up
the atria would stop contracting, but not the ventricles
76 What is the immediate danger of an aneurysm?
blood clot formation
pulmonary embolism
a burst artery
atherosclerosis
77 After visiting the kidney, a red blood cell will travel to the capillaries of which organ?
liver
adrenal gland
small intestine
lungs
brain
78 After visiting the spleen, what is the next organ a red blood cell will travel to?
lung
brain
stomach
small intestine
none of these
79 Which organ, if diseased, is most likely to cause hypertension?
heart
kidney
liver
spleen
pancreas
80 As one ages, what characteristic of the cardiovascular system usually does not decrease? (In fact, it usually increases.)
elasticity of the arteries
strength of cardiac contraction
total number of capillaries
cerebral blood flow
renal blood flow

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