FINAL EXAM PRACTICE

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1 Which of the following would NOT be part of a lymphatic pathway?
spleen
tonsils
lymph nodes
all of these
a and b

2 After a meal of burgers and fries, lymph flowing through which duct would have the highest fat content?
left lymphatic (thoracic) duct
right lymphatic duct
both would have lymph with the same fat contentt
none of these

3 Which of the following helps with lymph flow?
skeletal muscle contractions
respiratory movements
ventricular contractions
all of these
a and b

4 Belonging both the lymphatic system and the endocrine system:
spleen
Peyer's patches
thymus
all of these
a and c

5 A bacterium within the interstitial fluid would more likely enter
blood capillaries
lymphatic capillaries
intracellular spaces
none of these

6 The spinal nerves are considered to be a component of the
peripheral nervous system
central nervous system
spinal cord
none of these
b and c

7 Which of the following is/are purely sensory?
sciatic nerve
olfactory nerve
median nerve
facial nerve
all of these are sensory nerves

8 If one develops an inability to constrict the pupil, the problem might be with the ____________ division of the nervous system
somatic
parasympathetic
sympathetic
afferent
none of these

9 If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve were severed:
motor control of some skeletal muscles would be impaired
motor control of some organs would be impaired
some incoming sensory information would be disrupted
the brain stem would not be able to process any sensory information
the brain would not be able to communicate with that level of the spinal cord from which the spinal nerve emerges

10 If the association cortex in the temporal lobe were damaged, what symptoms might one expect to observe?
inability to reason
deafness
inability to attach meaning to sounds
inabiliy to attach meaning to touch
loss of motor speech functions

11 Damage to the cortex of the pre-central gyrus would interfere with:
somatic motor functions on the opposite side of the body
perception of tactile stimuli from the skin
interpretation of visual information
memory
homeostasis

12 If the interventricular foramina were blocked, cerebral spinal fluid could not move from the:
fourth ventricle to the subarachnoid space
lateral ventricles to the third ventricle
third ventricle to the fourth ventricle
arachnoid villi to superior sagittal sinus
none of these

13 The axons whose cell bodies are in the substantia nigra terminate in the:
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
basal ganglia
midbrain
thalamus

14 Which of the following is NOT associated with a choroid plexus?
cerebral aqueduct
lateral ventricle
interventricular foramen
none of these are associated with a choroid plexus
a and c only

15 Damage to nuclei in this structure may lead to a complete loss of appetite:
thalamus
corpora quadragemina
hypothalamus
pineal
occipital lobe

16 Which of the following is an "ascending tract"?
anterior corticospinal
rubrospinal
lateral spinothalamic
all of these
a and b only

17 Which of the following is a tract of the pyramidal system?
fasciculus cuneatus
rubropinal
spinocerebellar
lateral corticospinal
none of these

18 Most pyramidal tract impulses cross over to the opposite side at the level of the:
pons
midbrain
diencephalon
thalamus
none of these

19 If the hippocampus began to degenerate, what would be some early symptoms?
loss of olfaction (smell)
paralysis on the opposite side of the body
loss of memory
numbness on the opposite side of the body
none of these

20 The primary motor cortex has the greatest amount of gray matter dedicated to the control of:
the arms and legs
the face and hands
the stomach and small intestine
the lungs and heart
the cerebellum and medulla oblongata

21 A brain structure that secretes the hormone melatonin:
pituitary
pineal
pyramids
hypothalamus
hippocampus

22 The corpus callosum is composed of
gray matter
white matter
connective tissue
epithelial tissue
none of these

23 During sleep, nerve impulses that stimulate the cerebral cortex into a dream state originate in the:
thalamus
pineal
hypothalamus
corpora quadrigemina
pons

24 Reflex centers that allow for the orientation of the eyes and head towards sounds and lights are found in the
superior and inferior colliculi
corpora quadrigemina
pons
all of these
a and b only

25 A major relay station for sensory impulses that reach the cerebral cortex:
thalamus
hypothalamus
corpus callosum
substantia nigra
medulla oblongata

26 The flat ridges found between the grooves on the surface of the cerebrum are known as:
tracts
gyri
sulci
nuclei
peduncles

27 Cerebral spinal fluid is found between:
the dura mater and arachnoid membrane
the arachnoid membrane and pia mater
the pia mater and the surface of the brain & spinal cord
all of these
none of these

28 If the brachial plexus were damaged, one would NOT expect disruption in the function of which nerve?
median
ulnar
phrenic
musculocutaneous
radial

29 Which of the following spinal nerves does NOT contribute to a plexus?
C4
C8
T5
L4
S1

30 The circle of Willis receives blood from the
basilar artery
external carotid
internal carotid
all of these
a and c only

31 Which of the following cranial nerves is sympathetic?
optic
trochlear
vagus
hypoglossal
none of these

32 Spinal nerve L4 would contain:
sensory axons
somatic motor axons
sympathetic motor axons
all of these
a and b only

33 If the lumbar plexus were damaged, which muscle(s) would most likely be affected?
quadriceps femoris
gastrocnemius
hamstrings
soleus
b and c

34 The axons of lower motor neurons may be found in:
dorsal root ganglia
the primary motor cortex
the anterior horn of the spinal cord
the posterior horn of the spinal cord
sympathetic ganglia

35 In an adult, the spinal cord terminates nearest:
the coccyx
the middle of the sacrum
the 5th lumbar vertebra
the 2nd lumbar vertebra
the 12th thoracic vertebra

36 A damaged amygdala may disrupt:
basic emotions
olfaction
somatosensory function
non-REM sleep
none of these

37 Autonomic ganglia that are situated close to the vertebral column are associated with the:
somatic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
none of these

38 An autonomic nerve impulse slows the heart would emerge from the CNS at the level of the
brain stem
cervical spinal cord
thoracic spinal cord
lumbar spinal cord
none of these

39 Which cranial nerve would be involved with elevation of the eyeball (i.e. looking up towards your forehead)?
II (optic)
III (oculomotor)
IV (trochlear)
VI (abducens)
VII (facial)

40 Which cranial nerve(s) are sensory for taste?
VII (facial)
IX (glossopharyngeal)
X (vagus)
all of these
a and b

41 An autonomic neuron that does NOT release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine:
preganglionic sympathetic
preganglionic parasympathetic
postganglionic sympathetic
postganglionic parasympathetic

42 Which endocrine gland is innervated by sympathetic neurons?
adrenal medulla
adrenal cortex
thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
thymus

43 If this cranial nerve were damaged, we would not be able to speak.
trochlear (IV)
facial (VII)
hypoglossal (XII)
accessory (XI)
abducens (VI)

44 If this cranial nerve were damaged, we would not be able to smile.
trigeminal (V)
facial (VII)
glossopharyngeal (IX)
vagus (X)
none of these

45 Branches of this cranial nerve are deadened with lidocaine when we have a cavity filled at the dentist.
trigeminal (V)
facial (VII)
glossopharyngeal (IX)
vagus (X)
accessory (XI)

46 Which of the following would be a sympathetic response?
dilation of the pupil
penile or clitoral erection
stomach contractions
all of these
a and b

47 Which autonomic division has preganglionic fibers that synapse with many postganglionic neurons that pass to many, often widespread, effectors?
sympathetic
parasympathetic
both
neither

48 Which component of the brain is NOT composed of neural tissue?
thalamus
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary
posterior pituitary
all of these are composed of neural tissue

49 Which of the following hormones are secreted by neurons (neurosecretory cells) rather than epithelial cells?
oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone
GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)
none of these
all of these

50 The anterior pituitary secretes all of the following except:
growth hormone
adrenocorticoctropic hormone
thyroid-stimulating hormone
prolactin
cortisol

51 Severe mental retardation could be the result of insufficient levels of what hormone(s) during the first few years of life?
prolactin
thyroxine and/or triiodothyronine
ACTH
ADH
PTH

52 A drug derived from which hormone could be a treatment for osteoporosis?
parathyroid hormone
T4
calcitonin
ACTH
TSH

53 A decrease in the production of this hormone would result in significant water loss from the body:
oxytocin
epinephrine
cortisol
ADH
glucagon

54 Which endocrine gland(s) is/are not under the direct control of any pituitary hormones?
parathyroid gland
adrenal medulla
pancreas
all of these
a and b

55 What would happen if the parathyroid gland stopped producing PTH?
potassium levels in the blood would decrease.
blood glucose levels would rise
blood calcium levels would increase
body metabolic rates would decrease
none of these

56 Which hormone(s) are steroid hormones?
aldosterone
cortisol
estrogen
insulin
all except d

57 Acromegaly is a condition caused by:
excessive cortisol secretion
excessive thyroid hormone secretion
excessive growth hormone secretion
insufficient levels of aldosterone
insufficient levels of andrenal androgens

58 Excessive secretion of glucocorticoids is associated with:
diabetes mellitus
Addison's disease
Cushing's disease
cretinism
none of these

59 The mineralocorticoids, from the adrenal cortex, includes
cortisol
aldosterone
epinephrine
norepinephrine
none of these

60 In between meals or during a fast, cells in the islets of Langerhans secrete increased amounts of ____________.
glucagon
insulin
both
neither

61 The major anatomical and physiological link between the nervous and endocrine systems:
pituitary
hypothalamus
thalamus
pineal gland
none of these

62 Sources of androgens:
interstitial cells in the testes
adrenal cortex
both
neither

63 Which is the correct order for the structures or regions that a scalpel cutting the kidney would pass through?
cortex, capsule, medulla, pelvis
capsule, medulla, cortex, pelvis
pelvis, capsule, medulla, cortex
none of these

64 The blood vessel that delivers blood to the glomerulus:
renal artery
renal vein
afferent arteriole
efferent arteriole
peritubular capillary

65 The filtrate leaving the proximal convoluted tubules would next enter the:
Bowman's capsule
loop of Henle
collecting duct
glomerulus
none of these

66 Most of the length of a collecting duct would be found in:
the renal cortex
a renal pyramid
the renal capsule
the renal pelvis
none of these

67 If a proximal convoluted tubule were blocked, filtrate would accumulate in the:
renal pelvis
distal convoluted tubule
collecting duct
none of these

68 Which of the following is a function of the kidney?
regulation of the composition of body fluids
regulation of the volume of body fluids
stimulation of RBC production through the hormone erythropoietin
all of these are functions of the kidney
a and b only

69 Which of the following substances would NOT be filtered from the glomerulus into Bowman's capsule?
glucose
amino acids
water
RBCs
urea

70 Which of the following substances would be reabsorbed back into the blood from the nephron?
glucose
amino acids
sodium ions
all of these
none of these

71 As we gain control over voluntary urination, we learn to control the:
external urethral sphincter
internal urethral sphincter
ureter smooth muscle
none of these

72 Which of the following cell types are found as part of the seminiferous tubules?
cells of Leydig
Sertoli cells
spermatogonia
all of these
b and c only

73 In males, the urethra passes through the:
corpus spongiosum
prostate gland
corpora cavernosa
all of these
a and b only

74 When exposed to cold temperatures, the cremaster muscle:
contracts
relaxes
alternately relaxes and contracts
temperature has no effect on the cremaster muscle

75 In males, the foreskin (prepuce) covers which structure?
the glands of the penis
the glans of the penis
the penile shaft
none of these

76 In what structure(s) do meiotic cell divisions occur?
seminiferous tubules
ovarian follicles
prostate gland
all of these
a and b only

77 Before ejaculation, most of the sperm are in the:
seminiferous tubules
prostate gland
epididymis
urethra
seminal vesicles

78 Which of the following male reproductive structures is found both inside and outside the pelvic cavity?
epididymis
vas (ductus) deferens
ejaculatory duct
spongy urethra

79 Which hormone directly stimulates testosterone release from the interstitial cells of Leydig?
GnRH
FSH
LH
TSH

80 Most of the seminal fluid is produced by which two glands?
prostate and seminal vesicles
seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands
bulbourethral glands and the testes
testes and epididymis

81 Functions of the seminal fluid include:
buffering the vaginal environment
providing nutrients for the sperm
stimulating sperm motility
all of these
a and b only

82 In males, the target structure(s) for FSH is:
interstital cells of Leydig
the anterior pituitary
seminiferous tubules
all of these
a and c only

83 The Sertoli cells:
secrete factors that stimulate sperm production
secrete FSH and LH
are found in the epididymis
produce testosterone
all of these

84 The hormone(s) directly controlling the secretory phase of the uterine cycle:
estrogen and progesterone
FSH and LH
GnRH
none of these

85 Of the follicle stages listed, which is the third to occur?
primordial follicle
primary follicle
corpus luteum
Graafian follicle

86 What event in the ovary triggers menstrual flow?
corpus luteum degeneration
ovulation
primary follicle development
the first meiotic division

87 In addition to the corpus luteum, which structure(s) secrete estrogen in females?
ovarian follicles
Fallopian tube
endometrium of the uterus
anterior pituitary gland
none of these

88 In a 28-day cycle, ovulation usually occurs on which day?
1st
5th
20th
28th
none of these

89 The smooth muscle layer of the uterus is called the:
perimetrium
endometrium
myometrium
cervix

90 The vulva includes:
the clitoris
the labia majora
the labia minora
all of these
b and c only

91 Fertilization usually occurs in the:
Fallopian tubes
uterine tubes
vagina
uterus
a and b

92 The homologous structure to the penis in the female is the:
clitoris
labia majora
labia minora
mons pubis

93 Which uterine structure projects down into the vagina?:
cervix
fundus
body
none of these

94 Structure(s) having one end that opens into the pelvic cavity:
uterus
vagina
urethra
Fallopian tubes

95 Which hormone stimulates the ovary during the first half of the ovarian cycle?
FSH
GnRH
estrogens
LH
progesterone

96 The major hormone of ovulation:
LH
estrogen
progesterone
oxytocin
GnRH

97 The mammary glands:
consist of 15 to 20 lobes separated by adipose tissue
have lobes containing grapelike clusters of milk-secreting glands known as alveoli, which are surrounded by "smooth muscle" (myoepithelial) cells
have ducts that convey milk from each lobe to the exterior at the nipple (thus 15-20 ducts per gland)
are modified sweat glands
all of these

98 The corpus luteum does not degenerate if a women becomes pregnant because of stimulation by:
estrogens from the embyro
human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (HCG) from the embryo
FSH and LH
oxytocin
cortisol

99 What functional characteristic of the Fallopian tubes help the early embryo reach the uterus?
peristaltic contractions of smooth muscle within its wall
the rhythmic movement of cilia on its epithelial lining
both
neither

100 Which of the following descriptions is correct?
the uterus is superior to the urinary bladder
the vagina is posterior to the uterus
both
neither


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