Practicum # 2 Study Guide

Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Dr. Francis

Skeletal

Parts of long bone

Marrow, endosteum, periosteum, diaphysis, epiphsysis, epiphyseal line, compact vs. cancellous

I.D. all bones disarticulated as well as articulated, including Right or Left on all appendicular bones.

ID specific parts of all bones.

Note: 1. There are some terms e.g., neck, body, border, head etc. that are common. 2. If you understand the Latin or Greek meaning of the root, it will be easier to remember. 3. Be aware of bone orientation. 4. Watch spelling! 5. Mnemonics may be helpful. 6. You will not be allowed to handle the bones during the practicum

Appendicular Bones

Clavicle

Acromial extremity

Coracoid tuberosity/conoid tubercle

Sternal extremity

Scapula

Borders (all)

Angles (all)

Spine

Scapular notch

Fossae

Coracoid process

Acromion process

Glenoid cavity

Neck

Humerus

Head

Necks

Gr. tubercle

Less. tubercle

Intertubercular//bicipetal groove

Coranoid fossa

Radial fossa

Epicondyles

Capitulum

Trochlea

Olecranon fossa

Deltoid tuberosity

Ulna

Head

Neck

Radial tuberosity

Styloid process

Ulnar notch

Olecranon process

Trochlear/semilunar notch

Coronoid process

Radial notch

            Head

            Neck

            Radial tuberosity

            Styloid process

            Ulnar notch

Hand

Phalanges 1,2 or 3 (proximal, medial distal)

Metacarpals

Capitate

Hamate

Triangular/triquetrum

Pisiform

Lunate/semilunar

Navicular/scaphoid

L. multangular/trapezoid

G. multangular/trapezium

Os Coxae (note: 3 bones)

    Ilium

    Ischium

    Pubis

Spines, all, specific

Sciatic notches, G. & L.

Ischial tuberosity

Iliac crest

Pubic crest

Obturator foramen

Acetabulum

Rami of pubis S.& I.

Pelvis

Arcuate line

Auricular surface

Pubic arch

Brim

Sacral promontory

Coccyx

Femur

Head 

Neck

Fovea capitis femoris

Lateral epicondyle

Patellar surface

Medial epicondyle

Greater trochanter

Lesser trochanter

Linea aspera

Intercondyloid fossa

Lateral condyle

Medial condyle

Tibia

    Intercondylar eminance

    Medial condyle

    Lateral condyle

    Tibial tuberosity

    Anterior crest

    Medial malleolus

    Inferior articular surface

    Fibular notch

Fibula

    Styloid process

    Head

    Lateral malleolus

 

Foot

Phalanges 1, 2 & 3 or proximal, medial, distal

Metatarsals

Cuneiforms 1, 2, &3 or p,m or d

Navicular

Talus

Calcaneus

Patella

Axial Bones

Vertebrae (know kind)

Dens/odontoid Pr.

Transverse foramen

S. Articular surface

A & P Arches

Body/centrum

Vertebral/spinal foramen

Lamina

Pedicel

Transverse Pr.

Spinous Pr.

Sup. Artic. Pr.

Inf. Artic. Pr.

Mamillary Pr.

Facets and demifacets

Sacrum

Ala

Lateral mass

Articular process

Auricular surface

Ant.& Post sacral foramina

Sacral canal

Mid. & Lat. sacral crests

Hiatus

Cornu

Sternum

Body/gladiolus

Sternal angle

Costal notch

Jugular/suprasternal notch

Manubrium

Xiphoid pr.

Ribs

Distinguish R & L and True vs. false and floating

Head

Neck

Body

Fetal Skull

Sutures (all)

Fontanelles (all)

Skull

Sutures (all) and bones which form them

Frontal

Superciliary arch

Glabella

Supraorbital notch

Parietal

Temporal

Squama

Zygomatic Pr.

Mastoid Pr.

Styloid pr.

Mandibular fossa

Petrous portion

Carotid canal

Occipital

S. nuchal line

Occipital condyle

Ext. Occip. Protub.

Med. nuchal line/ext. occ. crest

Inf. nuchal line

Basilar portion

Foramen magnum

Condyloid canal

Hypoglossal canal

Jugular notch

Sphenoid

Gr. wing

Less. wing

Ant. clinoid proc.

Post. clinoid proc.

Sella turcica

Dorsum sellae

Med. pterygoid proc.

Lat. pterygoid proc.

Optic groove

Optic foramen

Superior orbital fissure

Foramen oval

Foramen spinosum

Foramen rotundum

Sphenoid sinus

Ethmoid

Crista galli

Perpendicular plate

Cribriform plate

Ethmoidal air cells

Lamina orbitalis

Lacrimal

Lacrimal groove

Zygomatic/malar

Temporal proc.

Maxillary proc.

Frontosphenoidal proc.

Orbital surface

Nasal

Maxilla

Orbital surface

Infraorbital groove

Zygomatic proc.

Frontal proc.

Alveolar proc.

Ant. nasal spine

Palatine proc.

Infraorbital foramen

Palatine

Vomer

Inf. nasal conchae/turbinate

Mandible

Coronoid proc.

Condyloid proc.

Ramus

Body

Angle

Mandibular notch

Mental protuberance

Mental foramen

Mandibular foramen

Hyoid

Gr. cornu

Less. cornu

Body

Incus

Malleus

Stapes

Foramina of skull

Ovale

Foramen rotundum

Foramen spinosum

Optic foramen

Jugular foramen

Carotid canal

Hypoglossal canal

Condyloid canal

Foramen magnum

Int. acoustic/auditory meat.

Infraorbital foramen

Mental foramen

Mandibular foramen

 

Muscles

Note: Must be able to describe the origin, insertion and action of each muscle via inspection.

* = non-muscular structures

Human muscles (models)

Achilles tendon*

Adductor magnus

Adductor longus

Biceps brachii

Biceps femoris

Brachialis

Buccinator

Corrugator

Deltoid

External oblique

Frontalis

Gastrocnemius

Gluteus maximus

Gluteus medius

Gracilis

Gracilis

Iliopsoas

Inguinal ligament*

Inguinal ring*

Latissimus dorsi

Lumbodorsal fascia*

Masseter

Mentalis

Orbicularis occuli

Orbicularis oris

Pectineus

Pectoralis major

Platysma

Popliteal fossa*

Quadratus labii superioris

Rectus femoris

Sartorius

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

Serratus anterior

Soleus

Sternocleidomastoid

Temporalis

Tibialis anterior

Trapezius

Triceps brachii

Vastus medialis

Vastus lateralis

Zygomaticus

Cat Muscles (dissection)

Chest

Clavodeltoid

Clavotrapezius

Epitrochlearis

External oblique

Pectoantebrachialis

Pectoralis minor

Pectoralis major

Xiphihumeralis

Superficial head, neck, back and shoulder

Acromiodeltoid

Acromiotrapezius

Clavotrapezius

Cleidomastoid

Digastric

Latissimus dorsi

Levator scappulae ventralis

Lumbodorsal fascia*

Mandible*

Masseter

Mylohyoid

Platysma

Spinodeltoid

Spinotrapezius

Sternohyoid

Sternomastoid

Deep shoulder, arm

Infraspinatus

Rhomboid minor

Rhomboid major

Rhomboideus capitus

Serratis ventralis

Splenius

Subscapularis

Supraspinatus

Teres major

Brachium

Anconeus

Biceps brachii

Brachialis

Coracobrachialis

Triceps brachii: lateral, medial and long heads

Deep back and thorax

Ext. intercostals

Int. Intercostals

Lumbodorsal fascia*

Sacrospinalis

Iliocostalis

Longisimus dorsi

Spinalis dorsi

Serratus dorsalis

Abdomen

Aponeurosis*

External oblique

Inguinal ligament*

Internal oblique

Linea alba*

Peritoneum*

Rectus abdominus

Transverse abdominus

Superficial thigh and buttocks

Biceps femoris

Caudofemoralis

Gluteus maximus

Gluteus medius

Gracilis

Iliotibial band*

Sartorius

Tensor fascia latae

Deep Thigh

Adductor longus

Adductor femoris

Iliopsoas

Patellar ligament*

Pectineus

Quadriceps femoris

Rectus femoris

Vastus intermedius

Vastus lateralis

Vastus medialis

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

Tenuissimus