Fig. 12.19:  Oceanic biozones—pelagic, benthic

Euphotic = good light; photosynthesis; max = 200m Depth varies due to water clarity (turbitidy/suspended seds/ productivity) and latitude (low latitudes=high; high latitudes have higher reflection)  Depth varies seasonally/storms Compensation depth--  Respiration = photosynthesis à Bottom of euphotic zone Depth of greatest productivity is not the surface; photosynthesis inhibited at surface due to too much light

Fig. 12.6:  Distribution of species on Earth

Fig. 134:  Light transmission in sea water

HO:  Compensation depth for productivity

Fig. 13.15:  ProducersàConsumersàDecomposers; Radiant energyàChemical energyàheat & mechanical energy

Fig. 13.19:  Efficiency of energy flow—2% at first level; 10% each following level; Most systems have 4-5 levels (eat low on the food chain)

Fig. 13.18:  Where does energy go?  Feces, respiration, dies uneaten

Simplified Antarctic food web—Instead of a food “chain” most are part of a food “web” (Do we eat only one type of food?  What would happen if we did?)

Fig. 13.21:  Biomass pyramid—because energy is lost, the numbers of individuals and mass of living things decreases up each trophic level

Fig. 13.16:  Biogeochemical cycling of matter—

	Surface waters depleted in nutrients
	decomposed materials transferred to deep waters;
	productivity occurs only where upwelling brings nutrients back to the surface.

Fig. 12.20:  Abundance of dissolved oxygen and nutrients with depth

	Nutrient maximum
	Oxygen minimum

Fig. 13.6 :  World Productivity

Fig. 13.14:  Comparison of productivity in tropical, temperate and polar oceans

Fig. 13.12:  Productivity in tropical oceans

Fig. 13.3:  Coastal upwelling

Fig. 13.13a and b:  Productivity in temperate oceans

Worksheet